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Paris during the First World War
Parisians entered the First World War (1914-1918) in August 1914 on a wave of patriotic fervor, but within a few weeks Paris was close to the front lines, and was bombarded by German aircraft and artillery. The Parisians endured food shortages, rationing, and an epidemic of influenza, but morale remained high until near the of the war. With the departure of young men to the front lines, women took a much greater place in the work force. The city also saw a large influx of immigrants who came to work in the defense factories. The end of the war on November 11, 1918 saw huge celebrations on the boulevards of Paris.
==Paris mobilizes==
Tensions had been high between France and Germany since 1911, when a German gunboat, the ''Leopard'', had made a provocative demonstration outside the port of Agadir in French-dominated Morocco. The right-wing parties in France wanted revenge for the defeat of France in the Franco-German War of 1870-1871, which had resulted in the loss of the French province of Alsace and much of Lorraine. Many on the left also favored war, to bring down the reactionary monarchies of Germany and the Austro-Hungarian Empire. On June 28, 1914, the assassination of the Austrian Archduke Franz-Ferdinand by Serbian terrorists in Sarajevo caused Austria-Hungary to declare war on Serbia. Russia, bound by a treaty to defend Serbia, declared war on Austria-Hungary, and Germany, bound by its own treaty to defend Austria-Hungary, declared war on Russia. France and Britain, bound by treaties with Russia, mobilized on August 1.
The war was opposed by some prominent socialists and pacifists, but the press and most political leaders pressed for war. The day before the mobilization, one of the most prominent leaders of the French left, the socialist politician Jean Jaurès, an outspoken opponent of going to war, was assassinated at the Café Croissant on Montmartre, not far from the offices of the socialist newspaper ''L'Humanité'', by a mentally-unstable man, Raoul Villain, who considered Jaurès an "enemy of France''.
Most male Parisians of military age were required to report on August 2 to designated stations around the city for mobilization into the army. The army command expected that up to thirteen percent would not appear, but to their surprise all but one percent appeared as ordered. The poet and novelist Anatole France, seventy years old, appeared at the recruitment station to show his support. The Ministry of the Interior was prepared to arrest prominent pacifists and socialists who opposed the war, but, in the face of little opposition to the war, the arrests were never carried out.
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